The Promise of Freedom, the Reality of Fear: Russia 1905-1953

Overview

Step into one of the most turbulent and transformative chapters in modern history; a story of empires collapsing, revolutions igniting, and ideologies reshaping the world.

In this course, we will trace Russia’s dramatic journey from the twilight of the Romanov dynasty to the iron rule of Joseph Stalin and the uncertain dawn of destalinization. Along the way, we will confront the forces that toppled tsarist autocracy, the brief spark of democracy that flickered and died in 1917, and the revolutionary experiment that gave rise to both hope and horror.

Through lectures, discussions and close engagement with primary sources, from manifestos and propaganda to art, film and eyewitness accounts, you’ll explore:

  • The fall of the Romanovs and the end of imperial Russia
  • Lenin’s Bolshevik revolution and the civil war that followed
  • The making of the Soviet state and the rise of Stalin’s dictatorship
  • The Soviet Union’s role in global upheavals from the Spanish Civil War to World War II
  • The emergence of the Cold War and the first cracks in Stalin’s legacy

By weaving together political struggle, social transformation, and cultural innovation, this course invites you to understand how revolution shaped not only Russia, but the entire modern world.

This course is part of the Inspiring Oxford summer school programme, held at Brasenose College.

Programme details

Daily schedule

After registration on Sunday afternoon, we invite you to a welcome meeting in the Amersi Lecture Theatre in New Quad, where you will meet your tutors. Join us in Deer Park afterwards for our opening drinks reception, followed by dinner in Brasenose’s historic dining hall (informal dress).

Seminars take place on weekday mornings. Most afternoons are free, allowing you time to explore Oxford, enjoy a variety of optional social events (see details below), or to sit back and relax in one of the college's atmospheric quads.

Your course culminates on Friday evening with a closing drinks reception and gala farewell dinner at which Certificates of Attendance are awarded. For this special occasion smart dress is encouraged (no requirement to wear dinner suits or gowns).

Social programme 

We warmly invite all Inspiring Oxford students to take part in our optional social programme, with all events provided at no additional cost. Events are likely to include:

  • Croquet on the quad
  • Chauffeured punting from Magdalen Bridge
  • Expert-led walking tours of Oxford
  • Optional visit to an Oxford Library or the Ashmolean Museum
  • River Thames afternoon cruise
  • Quiz night in the college bar
  • Scottish country dance evening (where you do the dancing!)

Seminars

Monday

From the 1905 Revolution to WWI

In our opening sessions we will look at the condition of the Russian Empire on the eve of the failed 1905 Revolution. This will include a study of the ruling Romanov dynasty and Russian imperialist expansion, the attempts at political reform under Tsar Alexander II, and the impact of his assassination.

We will look at the causes and consequences of the 1905 revolution, including the establishment of its first parliament (the Duma) and the reforms that followed, and the development of Russia as an industrial power. Lastly, we will see how Russia was drawn into the First World War as a key player, and the military and economic disaster that followed.

Tuesday

The Revolutions of 1917

The military and economic impacts of the First World War, as well as the dangerous influence of the faith healer Rasputin, led to the discontent that erupted into the February Revolution of 1917. Today we will explore why the revolution occurred, and the complex events that followed.

These include the conflict between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet, the return to Russia of the Bolshevik leader Lenin, and the emergence of Trotsky as a key partner, leading to the October Revolution of 1917. We will see how Russia briefly became one of the most socially liberal countries in the world, a socialist utopian experiment. We will also look at Eisenstein’s famous 1928 film ‘October’, and its depiction of the Bolshevik revolution.

Wednesday

From Civil War to the Rise of Stalin

Lenin’s coup in October 1917 led to a disastrous peace treaty with Germany, the crushing of socialist opposition, and then a terrible Civil War. This saw the Bolshevik’s bloody murder of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in 1918. The world revolution that Lenin expected never came and, following a failed assassination attempt in 1918, he suffered a series of strokes and died in 1924. Today we will look at those events, the attempts at social and economic reform, and the leadership struggle that followed Lenin’s death, leading to the expulsion of Trotsky from the Communist Party, and the unexpected emergence of Stalin as sole leader, of the USSR.

Thursday

From Five Year Plans to the Great Terror

Following years of war, Russia was in a disastrous economic position by 1928. Today we look at how Stalin consolidated his power, and how he attempted to rapidly industrialise the Soviet Union through the calamitous policy of collectivization and his series of Five Year Plans which brought about famine in Ukraine.

Potential opposition to Stalin led to the infamous ‘Show Trials’ of the 1930s, in which many of Stalin’s former comrades, the ‘Old Bolsheviks’, were found guilty of treasonous activities and imprisoned or executed. This was also the period of the rise of Fascism in Europe, and we will look at Germany and the Spanish Civil War, and the extraordinary pact Stalin made with the Nazis in August 1939, leading to their carve up of Poland, and to WWII.

Friday

From the Great Patriotic War to the Cold War

On our final day we look at Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the USSR in 1941, and how it almost ended in disaster for Stalin. We examine the turning point at Stalingrad, and Russia’s victory in the 'Great Patriotic War.’ This then takes us into the first years of the Cold War, a period that sees the Berlin Airlift, Russia’s development of atomic weapons and ‘High Stalinism.’

Stalin died suddenly in 1953 and we end our course by examining the immediate repercussions in the period of the brief thaw and ‘destalinization’ that followed.

Certification

Certificate of Attendance

At the end of the course you will receive a Certificate of Attendance.

Digital Certificate

You will also be issued with an official digital certificate of attendance. After the course, you will receive an email with a link and instructions on how to download it. You will be able to share this on social media and add to your email signature if you wish to do so.

Fees

Description Costs
Fee option 1 (single en suite accom and meals per person) £2625.00
Fee option 2 (single standard accom and meals per person) £2275.00
Fee option 3 (twin en suite accom and meals per person) £2435.00
Fee option 4 (no accom; incl lunch and dinner per person) £1855.00

Funding

Please note there are no sources of funding (scholarships, bursaries, etc) available for the Inspiring Oxford Summer School programme.

Payment

All fees are charged on a per week, per person basis

Included in the course fee:

  • Any included excursions (see programme details above) and the full optional social programme.
  • Breakfasts Monday-Saturday (residential guests only), five weekday lunches, and dinners Sunday-Friday. If your course includes a full-day field trip, a packed lunch is normally provided.
  • Morning refreshments and the welcome and closing drinks receptions.

Participants attending multiple weeks

Residential participants staying at Brasenose College for consecutive weeks may arrange an additional Saturday night bed-and-breakfast between courses, available for an additional fee. Please  email inspiringoxford@conted.ox.ac.uk to arrange this.

Payment terms

  • If enrolling online: full payment by credit/debit card at the time of booking.
  • If submitting an enrolment form: full payment online by credit/debit card or via bank transfer within 30 days of invoice date.

Please be aware that all payments (and refunds) made via non-UK credit/debit cards and bank accounts are subject to the exchange rate on the day they are processed.

Course change administration fee

Please note that course transfers may be permitted in exceptional circumstances at the discretion of the Programme Administrator, up to 1 May 2026; however, in accordance with our terms and conditions for our open access courses, an administration fee of £50 will be charged.​

Cancellations and refunds

Please see the terms and conditions for our open-access courses.

The Department cannot be held responsible for any costs you may incur in relation to travel or accommodation bookings as a result of a course cancellation, or if you are unable to attend the course for any other reason. You are advised to check the terms and conditions carefully and to purchase travel insurance.

Tutor

Dr David Haycock - Tutor

Dr. David Boyd Haycock read Modern History at St John’s College, Oxford, graduating with first class honours in 1991. He has an MA in Art History from the University of Sussex, and a PhD in History from Birkbeck College, London. He has held Research Fellowships at Wolfson College, Oxford, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the London School of Economics.

Following a period as a Curator at the National Maritime Museum since 2009 he has been a freelance writer and curator specialising in British and European History from the late nineteenth to the mid twentieth century. He is the author of a number of books, including A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War (2009), I Am Spain: The Spanish Civil War and the Men and Women who went to Fight Fascism (2012) and Brilliant Destiny: The Age of Augustus John (2025). He is currently a Visiting Research Fellow at Oxford Brookes University.

Teaching methods

Participants will be taught in seminar groups of up to 16 people.

Teaching methods used during this course may include:

  • Short lectures/presentations
  • Physical handouts
  • Seminars/group discussions

Application

Registration closes on 29 May 2026 at 2pm BST (UK time).

If your preferred course is fully booked, you may wish to add yourself to the waiting list and the Programme Administrator will contact you should a place become available.

Online enrolment (single person accommodation and non-residential)

Single person accommodation and non-residential places should be booked online by clicking on the 'Book now' button at the top of this page. Please do not complete an enrolment form for these. 

If you have any trouble booking online, please contact the Programme Administrator by emailing inspiringoxford@conted.ox.ac.uk.

Online enrolments require payment in full at the time of registering.

Single bedroom options:

  • Single en suite: private bathroom facilities (shower, washbasin and toilet).
  • Standard single: private bedroom with shared bathroom facilities (typically shared among four participants).

Enrolment form (multi-occupancy or accessible accommodation)

Twin bedrooms

Those requiring a twin en-suite room (for two people) should complete an enrolment form as these rooms cannot be booked or requested online. Please note these rooms have limited availability. 

If requesting a twin room, each person should complete an enrolment form and name the other person who they wish to share a room with. 

Ground/lower floor accommodation

Brasenose rooms do not have lift access, and the higher rooms can be located up a few flights of stairs. If you need a room on a ground or lower floor please complete an enrolment form and indicate your requirements, or contact the Programme Administrator directly at inspiringoxford@conted.ox.ac.uk as soon as possible. 

Enrolment form

The enrolment form is an editable PDF and can be completed electronically, so you should not need to print and scan it. 

Completed forms should be sent:

  • by email to inspiringoxford@conted.ox.ac.uk, or

  • by post to Inspiring Oxford, Oxford Lifelong Learning, University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education, 1 Wellington Square, OXFORD, OX1 2JA, UK.

Level and demands

The Inspiring Oxford programme is aimed at non-specialists: no prior knowledge is required, and classes are pitched at an introductory level. Courses are designed for an international audience aged 18 and over.

There are no assessments for this course.

Accommodation

Residential options are outlined below.

Please see the 'application' section above for guidance on how to book or request the right accommodation for you, including how to request a lower/ground floor room.

The course fee includes breakfasts Monday-Saturday (residential guests only), five weekday lunches, and dinners Sunday-Friday. All meals included are served in Brasenose College's dining hall. If your course includes a full-day field trip, a packed lunch is normally provided.

Accommodation options at Brasenose

During your course, for an authentic Oxford University experience you can stay in typical student accommodation at Brasenose College, in the heart of the city in buildings overlooked by the iconic Radcliffe Camera. 

Please note that bedrooms are student rooms. They are simply and modestly-furnished and do not have air-conditioning. You can find out more about Brasenose and its facilities by visiting their website.

The following types of accommodation are available. 

  • Single en suite: private bathroom facilities (shower, washbasin and toilet).
  • Twin en suite: shared between participants that apply to the programme together, with private bathroom facilities.
  • Standard single: private bedroom with shared bathroom facilities (typically shared among four participants).

Non-residential option

Prefer not to stay on site? We also offer places on a non-residential basis whereby participants can take classes and have lunch and dinner at Brasenose College, having arranged their own accommodation elsewhere. Breakfast is not included.

Non-residential participants are warmly encouraged to take part in every aspect of the academic and social programme and enjoy the same access to Brasenose facilities as residential participants.

Participants attending multiple weeks

We welcome students who want to attend multiple Inspiring Oxford courses. Residential participants staying at Brasenose College for consecutive weeks may arrange an additional Saturday night bed-and-breakfast between courses, available for an additional fee. This option ensures a seamless and enjoyable stay in Oxford.

Accommodation before/after your course

We are unable to arrange accommodation at Brasenose College prior to or following your course. Please visit universityrooms.com if you require additional nights of bed and breakfast accommodation, and they may be able to assist.

Additionally, family or friends who are not enrolled in the programme cannot be accommodated in college.